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Maximum operating temperature of filter membranes made from different materials
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Concentrated separation membrane knowledge - microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration and reverse osmosis
A membrane is a material with selective separation function. The process of using membrane selective separation to separate, purify, and concentrate different components of a liquid is called membrane separation. It differs from traditional filtration because membranes can separate at the molecular level, and this process is a physical process that does not require phase change or the addition of additives. The pore size of the membrane is usually in the micrometer range. According to its pore size (also known as molecular weight cut-off), membranes can be divided into microfiltration membranes, ultrafiltration membranes, nanofiltration membranes, and reverse osmosis membranes. According to the material, they can be divided into inorganic membranes and organic membranes. Inorganic membranes are mainly ceramic membranes and metal membranes, which have lower filtration accuracy and selectivity. Organic membranes are made of polymer materials such as cellulose acetate, aromatic polyamide, polyethersulfone, and polyfluoropolymers. In cross-flow membrane processes, the separation and retention performance of various membranes depends on the pore size and molecular weight cut-off of the membrane. The following figure briefly illustrates five different membrane separation processes: (The reflected arrow indicates that the substance cannot pass through the membrane and is retained):
EPJPUSP Pharmacopoeia requirements for purified water
Water quality design
Pore size is expressed in Daltons, micrometers, nanometers, and angstroms
KD is an abbreviation for kilodalton, equal to a molecular weight cutoff (MWCO) of 1000. A solution with a molecular weight of 1,000,000 is equivalent to 1000 KD.
Type and working range of filter membranes
Filter membranes used to remove pollutants from water may vary depending on the size and type of the target contaminants (as shown in the figure below). In order of pore size, membrane applications can be classified as microfiltration membranes, ultrafiltration membranes, reverse osmosis membranes, etc., used for bacteria, microorganisms, proteins, and suspended solids respectively.